The Business Plan JAMA Company

The Business Plan JAMA Company Official Summary The vehicle wash industry grows quickly to react to the expanding needs and requests of clients. The JAMA Company is one of the main organizations inside the market, which attempts to give the excellent administrations and increment the company’s serious advantage.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on The Business Plan: JAMA Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The JAMA Company’s qualities are the emphasis on the arrangement of the top quality administrations and the 24-hour support for all the clients in various networks in view of utilizing the imaginative advancements. The Business Description The JAMA Company is a partnership which works inside the field of vehicle wash administrations. The organization attempts to ensure the arrangement of its clients with so much administrations as typical cleaning, outside cleaning, and full cleaning. Being at the high phase of the turn of events, the organization intends t o build the upper hand while orientating to using the viable advancements, for example, applications for making calls and utilizing the call community administrations to arrive at client at better places inside a brief timeframe. It is conceivable to figure that toward the finish of the third year, the organization will deliver profits near the most elevated rate standard to its investors. Theâ principal point of the marketable strategy is to convey this possibility to the JAMA Company speculators working in the vehicle wash industry and to draw in more financial specialists to take an interest in the business also. The JAMA Company expects to have the two years credits that will cover its business tasks during the initial three months. Such anticipating instruments as the time arrangement examination, relapse, and connection investigation are joined in the field-tested strategy so as to exhibit the precision of the expectations according to the normal incomes. The current associat ion structure depends on crafted by ten deals administrators, and it is normal that every delegate can work with in excess of five clients for every hour, contingent upon the desperation of the administrations which are talked about and given. Following the suspicion referenced above, it is conceivable to take note of that the organization can work for 50,000 customers for each year while giving the great services.Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mission Statement The strategic the JAMA Company is to give the top notch administrations corresponding to typical cleaning, outside cleaning, and full cleaning so as to fulfill the customers’ needs with references to the utilization of explicit applications and call focus administrations to contact the clients rapidly and effectively. The JAMA Company creates to turn into the main help provider of vehicle wash admini strations inside the business. The organization is given to making a coupling relationship with its clients by giving the greatness administration just as the powerful client assistance. The company’s key objectives and destinations are to develop undauntedly, getting beneficial during the third month of tasks as it is portrayed in the marketable strategy. Items and Services The JAMA Company intends to work successfully basing on crafted by four vehicle wash little and portable stations to give the vehicle wash administrations in four unique areas. Crafted by these vehicle wash stations ought to rely upon the powerful correspondence with the clients with the assistance of such innovation as the call applications and with the assistance of call focuses to facilitate the arrangement of administrations just as to improve the productivity of administration arrangement, while ensuring the prompt input. The organization expects to give the isolation of obligations according to givi ng the cleaning, outside cleaning, and full cleaning administrations. The utilization of reports and execution appraisals can prompt the better organization of business. Accordingly, the activity can add to the expanded benefits for the organization. Advertising Strategies Consumer Inducement The JAMA Company centers around vehicle wash administrations. The partnership is made as a customized administration for its clients to offer the methodical types of assistance. The organization can separate itself among different contenders inside the business on account of offering the top notch administrations for the clients. A decent business methodology empowers the organization to beat the contenders since the direction to the customers’ official conclusions is winning. The JAMA Company has strived to give the great item to the customers while ensuring the predominant administrations with appealing costs that can be examined as persuading for the clients to utilize the proposed se rvices.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on The Business Plan: JAMA Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More From the company’s points of view, the current age of clients has the extraordinary powers in affecting the selling-buying relations. That is the reason the organization exhibit the worry about the customer’s inclinations and arranges to the customers’ interests and choices so as to fulfill them totally depending on the client lock procedure as the best approach to lessen the negative impacts of rivalry inside the business. The organization contemplates the customers’ conclusions on the administrations to get and comprehend the input on the company’s administrations. The organization intends to allude to the compelling deals advancement and promoting techniques, guaranteeing that the company’s administrations are completely acknowledged by the clients. To add to the deal advancement, the organizati on means to utilize a specialist to control the business advancement methodologies and work with the most recent advances. The execution of the plan to utilize the call applications and productive call communities is somewhat powerful to advance the company’s benefits just as to fabricate the notoriety inside the business. Therefore, the usage of these procedures makes clients utilize the advanced administrations since they are pulled in to the organization. This circumstance can prompt the expanded income according to the business improvement. Commercial and Promotion The company’s publicizing and special techniques are sorted out and created basing on three significant viewpoints which are the advertising, advancement of the Internet webpage, and the improvement of the organization client relations. Advertising The JAMA Company depends on giving the data about the organization and administrations in papers and magazines. These endeavors will be acknowledged with refe rences to building up the accounts concerning the company’s crucial destinations, solid activities and administrations, the company’s possible clients just as the company’s work force. Every one of these endeavors and approaches can ensure the acknowledgment and acknowledgment of the organization and its administrations inside the network. Therefore, such methodologies can prompt the upgraded benefits of the organization consequently due to making the great notoriety of the organization to the public’s discernment and feedback.Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Building great relations with general society is a key way to deal with the fruitful business on the grounds that the potential customers can be pulled in to an organization which centers around the manageable relations with the network. The organization speaks with the network inside which it works with references to the idea of the corporate social obligation. Along these lines, the standard of the social duty is the way in to the fruitful business as it can support the company’s picture in the public’s eyes, and this circumstance can prompt decrease of misconception inside the network comparable to the company’s administrations. The clients will be prepared to utilize the company’s item when they experience the requirement for the item and administrations. Consequently, great advertising must be maintained with references to prevailing in the serious market where clients have the ability to choose what to purchase and where to purchase also. The advance ment of the site for advancing the company’s administrations would empower the business to arrive at numerous clients inside a brief period and rather without any problem. The emphasis on the other limited time methods can cost about $ 25,000 since a specialist ought to be utilized to create explicit methodologies to draw in more clients to the business in light of the fact that the company’s workers frequently don't have the applicable mastery in the field. It is important to focus on the improvement of the administration and advertising offices so as to utilize all the advantages anticipated from the usage of the inventive innovations for supporting the administrations proposed by the organization for the clients having a place with four unique networks. That is the reason it is significant not exclusively to give the point by point data about the benefits of utilizing the call applications and call habitats for the intended interest group yet additionally to allude to the customers’ interests which can be distinctive with the references to the unequivocal networks or areas. The company’s site To get the data about the customers’ fulfillment corresponding to the company’s administrations inside a brief period, it is important to advance the materials about the utilization of four new areas for vehicle washing, accessible applications, and call focuses with the assistance of the JAMA Company’s site. The utilization of the Internet as an apparatus of publicizing and as the piece of the advancement technique is compelling in light of the fact that the Internet assets can be examined as the quickly developing and key special channels. The Internet p

DCQ Sontag Essay

Photography shows us the world, yet just the world the picture taker makes. As per Sontag, photographs show that we comprehend through a photograph in the manner we see the image. Seeing photographs can constrain our comprehension since we just observe the image not whats going on around it. As such the watcher just observes what’s inside the edge. Pictures permitted us to see circumstances that happened; in any case, it is very restricted in what the crowd can see. I qualify Sontag’s guarantee that photography restrains our comprehension of the world since nothing is picture great. An image is only a depiction or snappy picture of something twisted. Photography has achieved the errand of control to where pictures don't show the genuineness. By and large photography is utilized to deceive the audience’s eyes. For instance, advertisements are shown each day in our lives contorting the trustworthiness depicted. Quite a while in the past when a cigarette business went ahead they had improved the shading, and altered all the little subtleties that interests to our feelings, making cigarettes look great. The main issue is cigarette isn’t useful for anybody, however the watchers wouldn’t get that message because of the progressions the picture takers have made. Following this further Sontag derives that nothing that originates from a photograph can truly be comprehended. The purpose behind that is on the grounds that photography shows everything except for setting. Photography gives individuals a little look at the real world, yet the real factors have been controlled to the photographer’s vision. Anyway as Sontag brought up photography takes the holes in our psychological pictures and replaces them. Photo gives evidence and affirms the past, yet it doesn't display the genuineness a resident would have survived. For instance if no photos were caught during the Holocaust timeframe, it would be difficult for individuals to accept that all the tormenting really happened. Pictures permitted us to get a brief look at what the Jews experienced yet the sentiments and feelings aren’t the equivalent. One can't state they really see how the Jews felt, without really encountering what the Jews did. It takes one to be there to encounter the feelings and tears the Jews had as the gas slaughtered them and family. Sontag says comprehension can just originate based on what is appeared.. There is muchâ more to life than what meets the eye, and this can be exemplified and demonstrated from numerous points of view. Imagine that somebody thinks nothing about the unfortunate occasions that happened on September 11, 2001. A photograph is put before Them. They investigate. It has all the earmarks of being a man wearing what seems, by all accounts, to be in work garments yet what strikes their consideration first, what stands apart most is that he is topsy turvy. Odd they think. The foundation behind the man is the thing that seems to be a steel like structure. Perhaps if their faculties are sharp that day you’ll arrive at the resolution this is a picture of a man who chose to take his life by hopping off the highest point of a tall structure while in midair. In any case, did the photo give them what was happening around him? The structure he hopped off of? A captured business aircrafts plane collided with it leaving the structure to go up on fire and prepared to fall with smoke spilling out the windows. Leaving him and in any event 1,000 others caught on the high floors of the pinnacle. This man, this falling man, was encircled by supreme bedlam, annihilation, demise, a horrendous experience, however they could never know. He looks so quiet, so peaceful despite the fact that he is more than very much aware that his life is going to end surprisingly fast. To the individual taking a gander at the photograph they just consider it to be Sontag says they do. Through what they find in the image, not what is truly happening. To a degree, indeed, photography limits us in the perspective on the world like Sontag alludes to. Pictures are taken by photographic artists who picked what they wish to communicate and how they want life to have all the earmarks of being. By doing this, reality has changed, turning out to be controlled into something that it genuinely isn't. It is currently a reality made from the human brain, affected by its needs, wants and feelings. Photography additionally neglects to give us foundation, or more profound information about the photograph. Pictures do not have the feeling experienced by the individual snapping the photo (how hard it might have been to get the image the picture taker needed). However pictures can once in a while conjure an enthusiastic reaction (a grim passing, a stupendous nightfall). Pictures loan to a more noteworthy comprehension of what's going on around the globe. At the point when somebody sees the essences of others in places they never will venture out to, they begin to comprehend the feeling they appear. Words now and again can not do equity to the things you can see. Pictures just assistance the readerâ better get his/her importance of what is really occurring. However, don't be tricked by all that you see today. Innovation has taken photography to another level. Verify you confide in your source first. The familiar adage â€Å"Believe just 50% of what you see and nothing that you hear† no longer sounds accurate. Be incredulous, yet keep your eyes and brain open simultaneously. Qualifying Sontag, a solitary photo of an occasion, spot, time or whatever will just give you a restricted point of view of that occasion, place or whatever. Anyway it doesn't restrict our comprehension of something. It essentially gives a solitary perspective or depiction for us to base a general comprehension. Susan Sontag guarantees in her section, â€Å"On Photography†, that photography constrains our comprehension of the world. In any case, actually photography improved our comprehension of the world. It permits us to see things that would be in any case difficult to see. Sontag contends that photography doesn't permit individuals to genuinely get things and that it doesn't show any moral or political information. In all actuality it extends our comprehension and grows our insight into our general surroundings. Without photography, individuals would have no clue about what encircled them and what occurred before their time. Photography delivers a visual history of the wor ld, along these lines creating a more prominent thankfulness for it.

Green Hotel Essay Example

Green Hotel Essay Ecological arrangement in the inn area: â€Å"green† system or trick? Margaret Brown Lecturer in Accounting, School of Food Accommodation Management, Duncan of Jordanstone College, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK Illustrates elective â€Å"green† methodologies to show potential responses of the lodging part to the natural issue and the degree of the â€Å"greening† procedure on the control framework. Talks about the aftereffects of a poll overview into the natural remaining of a lodging and the control framework used to assess the inn director. Examination depends on correlation of lodging chiefs working with an ecological strategy and those supervisors working without. Speculative ends drawn would demonstrate that albeit various organizations have received a natural strategy, all in all, the lodging area isn't adopting a proactive strategy to ecological concerns. Reception of an ecological approach is one of the fundamental prerequisites of an association undertaking a â€Å"green† system, whereby natural concerns are considered of vital significance. A â€Å"green† trick depiction would apply to associations giving the presence of treating natural concerns deliberately yet without the fundamental changes in the control arrangement of the association. Natural issue inside the lodging area The UK inn division would seem to acknowledge that it has an effect on the environment[6]. This isn't just con? rmed by exploratory research yet additionally through the development of the International Hotels Environmental Initiative (IHEI). We will compose a custom article test on Green Hotel explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Green Hotel explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Green Hotel explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The IHEI has distributed a natural manual Environmental Management for Hotels: the Industry Guide to Best Practice which is focused on inn head supervisors. As an option in contrast to the manual the IHEI has likewise created an activity pack intended for the little and free lodging administrator. Various lodging bunches have additionally independently built up their own ecological projects and activities. These remember bulletins for â€Å"green† issues, natural boards of trustees and â€Å"green† rooms. It is apparent from the writing that cost bene? ts can be accomplished by working an all the more â€Å"environmentally friendly† inn. Nonetheless, recounted proof would recommend that of more worry to the hotelier is the effect of ecological activities on the apparent quality and administration of the inn. One answer for this issue would be training of visitors about ecological factors and permitting them the chance of picking the â€Å"environmental†, choice. A further worry of the hotelier is that â€Å"environmentally friendly† choices are seen as less effective than the typically utilized products[7]. This issue ought to turn out to be less evident as providers perceive the interest for agreeable â€Å"green† items and give sufficient other options. The head supervisor in the inn division appears to perceive that the friendliness business has an effect on the environment[6]. Anyway he/she would seem, by all accounts, to be limited in presenting ecological enhancements in the inn except if a cost sparing or other substantial bene? t is identi? ed[6]. Presentation The â€Å"greening† of industry is an issue which has been expanding in significance since the late 1980s[1,2]. In spite of the fact that the substance and oil businesses were at first the focal point of consideration for naturalists because of the noticeable idea of their ecological effect, the administration enterprises will ? d themselves under scrutiny[3,4]. In spite of the fact that they are maybe less noticeable in their natural effect, it is progressively being perceived that they also have a duty to diminish what sway they do have. The neighborliness business will not, at this point have the option to overlook its ecological duties as it should react to va rious weights. For instance, the â€Å"green tourist† will request â€Å"green† accommodation[5] ; enactment with respect to the removal of waste has suggestions for the cordiality business; and the proceeded with increment in vitality costs will require decreases in use. In this article the response of the lodging segment to â€Å"the ecological issue is considered from a key control point of view. Specifically, the connection between the control framework and the ecological status of the lodging bunch is investigated. Investigation is made of the aftereffects of a poll overview which was attempted during late 1993. The ecological issue and the bookkeeping control framework working inside lodging organizations are considered from the point of view of the inn head supervisor. Just speculative ends can be drawn as respects the lodging division and its reaction to the ecological issue based on this investigation at the same time, on the off chance that agent, at that point there is some reason for concern. Worldwide Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 8/3 [1996] 18â€23  © MCB University Press [ISSN 0959-6119] Control framework The control framework is a significant piece of the structure of the organization[8], and of the system usage process[9,10]. [ 18 ] Margaret Brown Environmental arrangement in the lodging part: â€Å"green† methodology or trick? Global Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 8/3 [1996] 18-23 The control framework gives the way to senior administration of the inn gathering to screen the exhibition of its head supervisors and spur these administrators to accomplish the organizations’ objectives[9,11]. The control framework might be viewed as a component of both the strategy[12,13] and the structure of the organization[9]. The control framework may incorporate various segments, for example, authoritative culture[8], administrative visits[14], normalized methodology and manuals[14], bookkeeping and nonaccounting information[14,15], and the prize system[8,9,14,15]. It isn't just the utilization of a specific bundle of control methods which de? es the control framework but instead the individual weighting set on every one of the control components[14,16]. The individual segments of the control framework should coordinate the structure[8]. On the off chance that there is con? ict between singular controls then a broken impact might be the outcome[17]. Every part or sub-u nit of the control framework ought to be steady with one another[8] and ought to convince the administrator to act to the greatest advantage of the organization[9]. Brown[6] has recommended that the most significant bookkeeping controls utilized inside the inn part in evaluating the exhibition of the head supervisor were accomplishment of spending plan and genius? s. The main non-bookkeeping data on which the senior supervisor would have all the earmarks of being decided by his administrative center is client grievances. In another investigation of inn directors, Umbreit and Eder[18] took a gander at the connection among conduct and result estimation. They found that there was â€Å" a general absence of accord across lodging ? rms in de? ning administrative effectiveness†[18]. The reasons identi? ed for the distinction in result estimation may identify with the market position of the organization, procedure, ? nancial position, the board style and age of the company[19]. There is no proof up 'til now, of the lodging segment perceiving ecological activities in the control system[6,20]. This would have all the earmarks of being one of the components forestalling the head supervisor presenting natural enhancements. Research in the USA has con? rmed that most of directors would give off an impression of being ruined due to the idea of the control framework where the planned outcomes don't perceive natural initiatives[20]. Natural methodology various conventional key archetypes[12,21,22] have been created just as speci? c dwelling industry strategies[23]. In any case, the pertinence of either nonexclusive procedures or lodging speci? c techniques comparable to natural issues ought to be in question. As has been stated[24] chiefs â€Å"may still be working with the old world mental models that don't give adequate incentive to the environment†. Techniques should be created where the earth is seen to be as significant as customary key necessities, for example, genius? tability, development, and so forth. At the end of the day, the earth can't be treated as a â€Å"add-on to the next corporate policies†[25], yet ought to turn into a key heading in itself. On the off chance that the key response of senior administration is to just view the natural issue as an approach choice, at that point any fundamental changes are opened into the current structure of the association. On the other hand the natural issue might be seen starting at such significance that an adjustment in technique is required. This will include progressively principal changes as the current structure of the association will be required to adjust to the new ecological technique . An organization’s reaction to natural concerns might be portrayed as either receptive or master active[26]. A receptive reaction association would one say one is which â€Å"follows the pace of progress directed by social, scienti? c and the administrative plan on the environment†[26]. A genius dynamic reaction association would one say one is which is reacting through â€Å"management frameworks which can be veri? ed, to challenge existing administration shows and to energize hierarchical change†[26]. A genius dynamic association along these lines has identi? ed natural worries as a vital issue and is adjusting the two its structure and control framework to suit the new procedure This . nvironmental strateg

Is Weight And School Performance Links - 1388 Words

America is home to the free and brave†¦also the obese. Within the last 4-5 years there has been a decrease in childhood obesity but the numbers are still weighing high. According to the CDC in 2011-2012 as many as 12.7 million children ages 2-19 are obese in the United States. Considering children from 5-18 are still in school most of the day, it is a good place to begin. As the percentage of children who are obese rises, schools and parents should bond together and fight against the rise in obesity by providing healthier eating options for their students. The rise in obesity in younger children has also been linked to a more poor performance in school. The last thing the future of the country needs to worry about is weight and school performance links. According to a study published in Child Development, the poorer performance began showing up as early as kindergarten and didn’t dissipate until about 5th grade (CNN, 2012). For obesity to show changes in children’s school work at search an early age is very troublesome and something needs to be done quickly. According to an article in TakePart digital magazine America rates 5th in childhood obesity (TakePart, 2014). This is saying that America is in the top 5 for having the most obese children in it’s states. Stats will always be fluctuating but to be that high as a country means something has got to be done. The children in the USA deserve more than to have a shorter life expectancy due to illnesses that arise in peopleShow MoreRelatedPhysical Activity Improves Student Academic Performance1278 Words   |  6 PagesPhysical Activity Improves Student Academic Performances Healthy students are in fact better learners, according to Author Susan Telljohann of Health Education: Elementary and Middle School Applications. Students who participate in daily exercise or in a gym class are shown to have better academic performances. It is encouraged that students have at least 60 minutes of vigorous exercise everyday. In 2007, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation reported that only 36% of children received the recommendedRead MoreThe Drawbacks of an Early School Day865 Words   |  3 PagesOn a normal school day, students in the states drag themselves out of bed and start getting ready for school. Most students almost miss the bus or miss the bus because they are still sleepy and not moving as fast as they should be. Should school start later in the morning and head into the late afternoon? The lack of sleep affects a student’s academic studies because it can lead to weight gain or even obesity, it makes them want to doze off in class, it reduces the st udent’s ability to think , andRead MoreEffects of Obesity on the Motor Development of Children Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pages According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2010), one out of every three people in the United States are now overweight or obese. Additionally, one out of every three children between the ages of 10 and 17 are not at a healthy weight (CDC, 2010). America is officially the fattest country in the world, topping Mexico and the United Kingdom by more than six percent of the population (CDC, 2010). These frightening statistics have many consequences for American citizens, especiallyRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On Children And Adults1462 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is considered to be the significant health problem in the United States affecting children and adults. It occurs when a child is well above the normal or healthy weight for his or her age and height. The main causes of excess weight in youth are similar to those in adul ts, including individual causes such as behavior and genetics. Different behaviors include dietary patterns, medication use, physical inactivity, and other exposures. Additional contributing factors in society include the foodRead MoreEating Disorders Has Affected The Lives Of Many Athletes Around The World1546 Words   |  7 Pagestheir social interactions with others. Many sports where the player’s weight has to be maintained and judged can result in eating disorders. Sports such as gymnastics and track are known for their intense workouts and weight limits of those who participate. A few commonly identified eating disorders that some athletes have are bulimia and anorexia. Athletes who believe that their weight will influence or add to their performance usually try risky eating habits which result in eating disorders. AccordingRead MoreSlam Poetry Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesall types to share their art (Power Poetry). Years later as Slam Poetry got more recognition and spread to more areas around the country. The first Poetry Slam was originated by a man named Marc Kelly Smith. Marc Kelly defines Slam Poetry as a performance incorporated with the poetry, but a less stiff form of poetry. Spoken word poetry which is more commonly known as Slam is a more fluid art than written poetry in the twenty-first century due to the broad range of emotion, interaction, and sensoryRead MoreInfant Monkeys At The Washington National Primate Research Laboratory981 Words   |  4 PagesBurbacher and Shen did a study with forty-one infant monkeys at the Washington National Primate Research Center’s Infant Primate Research Laboratory (Burbacher). The birth weights of each infant monkey were within the normal range; the average birth weight was 341 grams and the range was 225-420 gram. Monkeys were weighed daily throughout the study, and any clinical problems were recorded. This experiment mainly compared the natural mentality and brain distribution of infant monkeys and the inorganicRead MoreEducational Leadership : Poverty And Learning1420 Words   |  6 Pagesformat): Payne, R. (2008). Educational Leadership: Poverty and Learning: Nine Powerful Practices Link: http://www.ascd.org/publications/educational-leadership/apr08/vol65/num07/Nine-Powerful-Practices.aspx. Research Problem/Issue: Children of poverty with little proper education habitually pick up how to talk, act, and obtain information in a method that battles with how education transpires in school. So, teaching students of poverty requires a different approach (Payne, 2008). Purpose of the Research:Read MoreStanislavski s Impact On Modern Theatre Direction1479 Words   |  6 Pageshistory of theatrical performance. Born in 1863 to a wealthy family in Moscow, Constantin Stanislavski was originally born Constantin Sergeievich Alekseiev (1). At the time, actors and other theatrical performers were viewed in Russia as low-class citizens given that many of them were recently freed from slavery and were trained as actors to entertain the nobility. Due to his family’s high social status and financial success, Stanislavski often attended theatrical performances and other performingRead MoreChildhood Obesity And How Genetic, Social And Environmental Factors Help The Problem Of Obesity970 Words   |  4 Pagesthis is a mechanical deficiency culminating in the bowing of the tibia, which gives a bowed presentation of the legs. This can impact on the child’s everyday life and tasks they wish to fulfil. Kehle and Bray (2009) stated how a study validated a link between migraines and childhood obesity, children who suffered from migraines were 36% more prone to be obese or overweight. Social-emotional is the next aspect. Hall and Elliman (2010) suggest how obesity correlates with emotional distress. The

Mics Case Study 5 - 1774 Words

Midterm Group Project Case Study Five Abstract Assume your group will serve as a systems analysis and design team for a project designed to computerize or enhance the computerization of all business aspects of a 15-year old national U.S. trucking firm called Maverick Transport. Maverick is a less-than-a-truckload (LTL) carrier. The people in management work from a philosophy of just in time (JIT), in which they have created a partnership that includes the shipper, the receiver, and the carrier (Maverick Transport) for the purpose of transporting and delivering the materials required just in time for their use on the production line. Maverick maintains 626 tractors for hauling freight, and has 45,000 square feet of†¦show more content†¦Starting from the top which we felt had the biggest impact on the company because communication is one of the most essential components to running any business/relationship. As we noticed early in the company’s development the offices were pretty spread out because of the en ormous amount of space they had. Investigation led us to come across pictures of when they first started the company along with a lot of memos that included complaints about the level of communication, and how long it took to get responses from other coworkers and from different departments which they found out it was due to the way they initially had the offices set up. Prior to fixing that problem it led to the loss of potential customers along with delivery times missed. By this company being a just in time (JIT) organization that happening was not an option. So after six months that problem had been rectified through the change and rearrangement of offices along with desk placement. After the change took place a better level of communication was developed throughout the company to include all of the departments in the organization. As we mentioned we didn’t want to just gather information from management because we felt that would have developed a bias opinion and outlook . So we also gather information from the warehouse workers, picker/packers, dispatchers and truck drivers. Starting with the warehouse workers, the information gathered fromShow MoreRelatedBhopal Gas Tragedy : A Terrible Gas Leak1642 Words   |  7 Pagesterrible gas leak on December 2nd and 3rd, 1984 had some of the worst impacts on the central part of India. It happened in the late night and early morning hours on those days when the clouds where filled with gray smoke which contained Methyl Isocyanate(MIC), one of the most poisonous gases from Union Carbide plant in the city of Bhopal. It was called one of the world’s most dangerous environmental disasters. The people of Bhopal had no idea what was coming for them on that particular day. The gas spreadRead MoreAntimicrobial Activity Of The Essential Oil1607 Words   |  7 Pagessedative and flavoring agent in traditional medicine (Mozaffarian, ‎‎1996). The composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activity o f the essential oil ‎and various extracts of Z. clinopodioides were reported (Salehi et al., 2005). The ‎purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and chemical ‎composition of the essential oil of Z. clinopodioides against some pathogenic ‎and food spoilage bacteria.‎ Materials and Method ‎ Plant materials ‎ Z. clinopodioides were organically grownRead MoreLung Cancers And Its Effects1288 Words   |  6 Pagesand biopsy (Nhs.uk, 2015). Unfortunately, lung cancers are often diagnosed at the later stages. This is due to the unrecognisable symptoms and warning signs at the earlier stages. NSCLC are often diagnosed at stage IV which accounts for 30-40% of cases whereas 60% of SCLC is diagnosed at stage IV. Lung cancer usually originates from the cells lining the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Carcinogens especially tobacco smoke will alter the gene expression of the normal human lung cells, resulting inRead MoreThe Pathology and Characterisics of Clostridium tetani Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesaffects the human nervous system and eventually travels to the spinal cord. Once at the spinal cord, the toxin blocks chemical messages to brain and results in uncontrollable muscle spasms and seizures.5 Other symptoms of tetanus include a stiff jaw, fever, drooling, and difficulty swallowing. I n severe cases, tetanus can affect contractions of muscles associated with breathing, and can lead to fractions and muscle tears in these muscles.3 Tetanus is classified into four clinical types: generalizedRead MoreThe Effect Of Antimicrobials On P. Acnes Biofilm Formation1837 Words   |  8 PagesP. acnes on human tissues, information about its role in human diseases still remains debated (Portillo et al. 2013). Several studies have reported the ability of this organism to act as an opportunistic pathogen, with suggested pathological roles in a variety of inflammatory diseases such as acne vulgaris and discitis (Achermann et al. 2014, Rollason et al. 2013). Studies have revealed that this organism comprises of several distinct evolutionary clades which have been further discriminated basedRead MoreEssay about A Study on A. Nigra Seeds for Pharmaceutical Products1252 Words   |  6 Pagesmethod, determination of minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), determination of antibacterial activity using flow cytometry (FC), FESEM analysis and the effect of extracts on bacterial c ell membrane. The seeds were taken out from the mature black fruits of A. nigra and dried in shed for 10–15 days. The shade dried seeds were grounded into fine powder and they were extracted by Soxhlet apparatus for 5 hours. The extraction for the same fixed amount of theRead MoreExamples Of Important Trade Offs1387 Words   |  6 PagesGino Palummo Microeconomics Final Due: 12/12/15 1. Examples of important trade-offs that I face in my life†¦ - To go out with my friends or to stay in and study. - Whether to take a nap or do my homework. - To buy a new car or to save my money. 2. a) Economists make assumptions to simplify a complicated world to make it easier to understand and to focus our thinking to the importance of the problem. If we focus on what we are really looking for it will make coming up with a solution much easierRead MoreClinical Studies : High Dose Tigecycline Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagesespecially for hospital-acquired pneumonia or ventilator-associated pneumonia (2). Further assessment of the cause of excess deaths in these trials may in part be attributed to suboptimal tigecycline dosing. Due to these findings, several clinical studies were conducted by increasing tigecycline dosing and obtained positive efficacy compared with other dose regimens (3, 4). High dose tigecycline may be a desirable treatment strategy, but the degree of increment of tigecycline for different infectionsRead MoreGenital Mutilation And Its Effects On Women1374 Words   |  6 Pagesunreported rapes, about 6% of rapists will ever spend a day in jail. 15 out of 16 will walk free (Feminist). There is a shocking statistic of underage sexual assaults, abuse and rapes. In 2006, 78,000 children were sexually abused. Because majority of cases are not reported, it is estimated that the real number could be anywhere from 260,000-650,000 a year. (Feminist) According to the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBSS), a national survey of high school students, 8.0% of students had beenRead MoreThe Advantages of Virtual Oscilloscopes1324 Words   |  5 Pagesand outputs are analyzed in SCILAB. 1.1 ORGANIZATION OF THE REPORT The report contains mainly 5 chapters. Chapter 1 contains the introduction of the project. Chapter 2 contains the Literature Survey in which the list of papers which were partially used as reference papers are included. The relevant topics related to the project have been listed out in that chapter. Chapter 3 includes the system study done during the project. It contains brief description about oscilloscope, digital storage oscilloscopes

Cyber Security A New Cyber Attack Essay - 1588 Words

In the newfound age of Cyber Security there is much that still needs to be done before the industry can function without all of the difficulties currently faced. Every day it seems like a new cyber attack has overtaken another victim. This cyber threat is so big that President Barak Obama passed the Cybersecurity Act of 2015 . Among other things, this act calls for increases in information sharing between businesses and the federal government. It also has a hefty dollar amount behind it. In the 2017 budget, the president is allocating more than $19 billion to be used for cybersecurity . With all of the threats out in the internet of things, companies need to find personnel that can analyze the traffic flowing in/out of the systems. Some of these companies do not have the manning or experience to support this growing need and they look to other companies to provide this vital service for them. Cyber security companies provide monitoring and analysis services in the form of a contract or subscription basis. One such company that may someday exist is Blue Hat Security(BHS) Solutions, LLC. This company is being developed conceptually through courses that are being taken in pursuit of a Bachelor of Science in Information Systems Management at Amridge University. There are also real world job experiences that are allowing this student to learn more about the cyber threats that exist and ways in which these threats can be minimized or prevented. Out of the courses at Amridge andShow MoreRelatedCyber Attack And Cyber Attacks Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pagestoday fear terror attacks that include bombing use of reinforcements like machines guns and other firearms. This is because terror attacks most of the times leave many people dead and others disabled while others are left without families. However, there is another attack today in many nations that can be destructive like a ter ror attack and this is the cyber-attack and threats. Cyber-attacks can be responsible for large mass destructions by making all systems connected to cyber networks fail to workRead MoreTop Three Trends in your profession and associated industry Annotated Bibliography1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe top three trends in the Cyber Security field are salary, career advancement, and the need for predictions of the future in how information is exchanged. Cyber-crimes are becoming more popular and because of the many attacks that are happening much more frequently it has caused for a higher demand in cyber security professionals. Companies spend millions of dollars to correct security breaches within their organization. Back in 2008 the salary range for IT security professionals were in the $80Read More Cyber Security Policies and Defense Contractors Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract Cyber security policies in the private sector have been a challenging issue for major defense contractors, especially after recent attacks. As a result, the U.S. increased its strict enforcement against these companies by justifying its intervention to improve cyber security. The government would like to impose standards for companies who lack the proper protocol. Due to the revised and new procedures, corporations are responding by rejecting any congressional intervention. This has causedRead MoreCyber Defense And Security Issues789 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding cyber defense and security issues such as cyber-crime and cyber-attacks ensure efficient functioning of information systems. Cyber-attacks are real, unexpected and increasing in numbers according to Naumovski and Kenkov (2014) cyber defense is emerging as a high priority with the increased use of information technology. Naumovski et al. (2014) noted that understanding cyber defense and security issues would ensure efficient operation of information systems. Naumovski et al. (2014)Read MoreCyber Security Is A Growing Concern For Governments Around The World1296 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Cooperation for Cyber Security Cyber Security is a growing concern for governments around the world. Cyber-attacks pose a direct threat to the security of the nations’ critical infrastructures and Information Technologies (IT) as a low-cost asymmetric warfare element. Most of these nations are aware of the vulnerability of the information technologies and the significance of protecting critical infrastructures. To counteract the threat of potentially disastrous cyber-attacks, nations’ policy makersRead MoreCyber Terrorism1716 Words   |  7 Pagesbombing of a Chinese embassy in Belgrade. During this attack, government sites were hijacked and some sites suffered a denial of service attack. Most recently, it was suspected that Bank of America was the victim of a cyber terrorism attack; although no definitive evidence is available to substantiate that claim.   Cyber terror attacks pose a threat against the national security of the United States. In order to fully comprehend the threat that cyber terr orism poses, it is essential to understand theRead MoreTheu.s. Contemporary Security Environment1527 Words   |  7 Pagesthe U.S. contemporary security environment. For years, the American people have been victimized by cyber-attacks by having their personal information, emails, credit card, and banking information stolen by an invisible enemy named cyberterrorism. These types of attacks seem insignificant however; they are small examples of the vulnerabilities that our cyber world is experiencing. Our vulnerabilities are leaving our public officials in significant danger from cyber-attacks, as they are vulnerableRead MoreThe Impact of Mobile Devices on Cyber Security1132 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Mobile Devices on Cyber security: The modern society including corporate environments has been characterized by the proliferation of mobile devices. The increased use of these devices is attributed to the significant opportunities they bring and their contribution towards enhanced communication. However, the increased use of mobile devices has been accompanied by considerable concerns regarding the privacy of personal information and sensitive corporate data that are stored on themRead MoreCyber Security And Cyber Attacks Essay1246 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Cyber security is a major concern for every department, business, and citizen of the United States because technology impacts every aspect of our daily lives. The more we use technology the more complacent, we get with the information that is stored within our cyber networks. The more complacent, we get, the more vulnerable we become to cyber-attacks because we fail to update the mechanisms that safeguard our information. Breaches to security networks are detrimental to personal,Read MoreThe Enforcement Of Cyber Security Standards1456 Words   |  6 PagesThere is a new threat to the world, cyberspace. New technologies are being developed daily that threaten secure organizations. Attackers are able to take advantage of any vulnerability that they can find no matter the geological location. This threat poses risks to the economy, militaries, and governments around the world. The U.S. is at the forefront of the defense of cyber security, but with the endless number of cyber terrorist s, the U.S. defense is not enough. Nations need to come together to

The House Of The Seven Gables Essay Example For Students

The House Of The Seven Gables Essay By Nathaniel Hawthorne The House of the Seven Gables is a romantic novel set in a grand and rustic, old house with sevengables in New England town. The story opens with its history, beginning in the 1690s, whenwitch-hunting was rampant. Afterwards, it revolves around the course of one summer in the 1850s. At his housewarming party, Colonel Pyncheon, the socially noted owner of the house wasmysteriously found dead in one of the rooms. Although he was highly esteemed for his wealth andhigh position, legend has it that he usurped the land on which his house stood from a poor fellownamed Matthew Maule. Maule was a nobody. Furthermore, he was rumored to be practicingwitchcraft. For this, he was hanged and it was rumored that Pyncheon was responsible for it becausehe wanted the land for himself. However, his social prominence and Maules infamy allowed him toget away with the crime smoothly. Before Maule died though, cursed him saying, God will give himblood to drink. For years, the Pyncheo n-Maule dispute carried on. The long line of Pyncheons struggled to keepthe land from their rivals. Though they succeeded in this, their greed became their own undoing. Alice Pyncheon dies because her father, Gervayse, allowed her to be hypnotized by a Maule alsonamed Matthew, because he believed him when he said that he needed Alices mind to find a thehidden Pyncheon treasure. Clifford Pyncheon was another victim of the greed of his cousin JudgeJaffrey Pyncheon. He framed him and sent him to prison for killing their uncle so that he could havethe Pyncheon fortune to himself. However, after many years, the once talked-about mansion was eventually forgotten, and the storyfocuses on the time when Hepzibah Pyncheon, an old and lonely spinster inhabited it. She was oftenfeared for the scowl on her face that was actually only the result of a chronic squint due to her pooreyesight. Proud and without talent for practical matters, she is a symbol of decaying aristocracy. She grieves for her beloved brother, Clifford, who was framed and imprisoned. She had a boardernamed Holgrave. He is an attractive and imtellectual young man with modern views and notions. He preaches about social reform to Hepzibah and Phoebe. When her money was running out, Hepzibah was forced to open little bakeshop in the front gable ofthe house and abandon her illusion of aristocracy. This only adds to her misery until her young niece,Phoebe, comes from the country to live with her in the house. Like a ray of sunshine, she lights upthe house with her beauty, simplicity, and free-spiritedness After 30 years in prison, Hepzibahs brother, Clifford, is released and comes home to the house ofseven gables. He has a love for beauty but the years of seclusion had drawn out the life from himand he became bitter and spiritless. Then he develops a special bond with Phoebe. Despite thecomplexity of his personality, she understood him. A frequent visitor was Judge Jaffrey Pyncheon. He resembled his ancestor, the colonel physicallyand in his greed and pretentiousness as well. Yet, he pretends to be good-natured and amiable. Heinsists that Clifford possessed the knowledge about a hidden Pyncheon fortune. However, the truthof the matter is that Clifford has long since forgotten the secret. One day , Judge Jaffrey comes again, looking for Clifford. He manages to force Hepzibah to lethim see her brother and she goes up to fetch him. He is not in his room and when she comes backto tell the judge, she finds him dead. And Clifford is standing beside him. Afraid that he would beaccused of murder again, Clifford flees, bringing Hepzibah along. In their absence, Holgrave andPhoebe fall in love. Eventually, it was discovered that Jaffreys death was a result of a stroke, and everything is clearedand resolved. Clifford and Hepzibah return and Holgrave asks Phoebe to marry him. She agreesand he discloses that he is a descendant of Matthew Maule. The secret treasure turned out to bethe deed of the territory, which was now useless. It was hidden inside a vault concealed by thepainting of the colonel which hung on the wall of the house eversince it was built. Hepzibah, C lifford, Phoebe, and Holgrave all decide to leave the house and live in the country,where they inherited an estate from Judge Jaffrey. And that was the end of the Pyncheon Mauledispute. The story presents us with several themes. Firstly, that the sins of the forefathers are passed on tothe next generations, and they become branded for life. Although one cannot undo what havealready been done, he can still strive to break the curse, and free himself from the spiral of sin. Secondly, man cannot live alone. Isolation can draw out life from a being. Clifford and Hepzibahwho had been living n seclusion for many years had become bitter and lifeless, but when they werere-united and Phoebe came into their lives, they became alive again. Third, man should not bedivided by social classes. Hawthorne was obviously against aristocracy for he preaches throughHolgrave that wanting to be above the rest leads to isolation and division. Lastly, Hawthorne tellsus not to be deceived by appearances. Do not judge a book by its cover, as it is commonly said. .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 , .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .postImageUrl , .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 , .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834:hover , .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834:visited , .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834:active { border:0!important; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834:active , .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834 .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub4ca764d2d0d51e0795dbc010b88d834:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Our Town Argumentative EssayThe judges beatific smile is as misleading as Hepzibahs scowl. The themes of the story present valuable lessons relevant even today. Hawthornes style ofwriting is very relaxed and personal. By using the present tense, one feels as if he were within thestory as it unfolds before him. With this, one particularly feels the relevance of the irony of his noveltoday. He plays up the novel by embellishing it with mischief like the disappearing skeleton hand and ghostwho plays the harpsichord. He also filled with symbolism. For instance, the withered with oddmarkings symbolize the fading eminence and odd traits of the Pyncheon family. The organ grindera nd the little figures in his box represent the concept of individualism each figure, dancing to thesame tune accomplish nothing. The image of the cracked porcelain vase hurled at the granite columnrepresents Clifford, in all his frailty versus Jaffrey, to whom he does not stand a chance against. Thehouse itself symbolizes the human heart. It may be stone-cold but when warmed with love(Phoebe), it will blossom.

History of American Transcendentalism

The term transcendentalism is often correlated with a set of fresh thoughts in literature, which came forward in New England (Schneider 248). These events took place from the onset of the19th century and went ahead for several years. Adherents quit orthodox Calvinism as a result of two crucial issues, which proved divisive: they upheld the value and efficacy of human determination, as opposed to the desolate Puritan depiction of complete and unpreventable human immorality.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of American Transcendentalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Emphasis was laid on the unity instead of Trinity, with respect to God and divinity. This created the platform for adopting the name ‘Unitarian,’ which was initially perceived as an abusive name. A majority of the Unitarians argued that God was relatively superior to Jesus, although the latter was greater than mankind (Sacvan Cyr us 87). Other multitudes subscribed to the teachings of Joseph Priestley, an English Unitarian who claimed that Jesus was entirely human; although he had supernatural power extraordinary authority. William Ellery Channing, who was a top cleric among the Unitarians, described orthodox Congregationalism as a religious conviction perpetrating fear, thereby advancing the concept that Jesus rescued mankind out of transgression, and not just from chastisement (Schneider 55). It is habitually referred to as American transcendentalism, in order to highlight the existing disparities with other applications of the term Transcendental. The interest group developed in the 1830s and 40s as a remonstration against the state of affairs, with reference to culture and the social order. The most prominent topic was the status of intellectualism at Harvard in addition, to the canon of the Unitarian church trained at Harvard School of religion. The transcendentalists’ had several beliefs, with t he core among them advocating for the existence of an ideal, spiritual state, which goes beyond the bodily and experimental perceptions. This means that it is recognized only through the individual’s instinct, as opposed to doctrines propagated by established religions. Before the concept of transcendentalism is appreciated, the circumstance of Unitarianism, which was the prevailing creed among residents of Boston throughout the 19th century, should be understood. These awakenings took place in two phases, which majored on matters of celestial election and original transgression. This led to a pithy duration of revivalism. The prevalent Orthodox conviction in intrinsic degeneracy and the emotionalism espoused by the revivalists was rebuffed by the liberals. The move was occasioned by tenets and represented deadly eagerness. As a rejoinder, liberals and Christians of American descent integrated their principles, which lay emphasis on the benefits of academic reason as the cond uit to heavenly intelligence. On the other hand, Unitarians established themselves in Boston by advocating for the rejection of heavenly trinity (Carpenter 2).Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They also established a premium on constancy, synchronization, lucid thought, progressive ethics, conventional erudition, and other traits of Enlightenment Christianity. They advocated for a philosophy that gave prominence to the benefits deliberate ethical behavior, and allowing common sense to define the constituents of moral mannerisms. This was contrary to the doctrines of Calvinism, which set out to induce obedience. Unitarians proposed natural statements of belief, in which individuals who were empowered by observed psychoanalysis or their reasoning capacities found out the orderly and munificent temperament displayed by the universe and divine laws. Celestial disclosure, which, was highly manifested in the Bible served as an external process useful in establishing the discoveries advanced by reason. This explains the existence of Unitarian sermons that were characterized by optimistic judiciousness. The scholarly essence of Unitarianism had a counterbalance in a twist of sentimentalism. It was argued that the rational mind issued directives, while emotions were responsible for converting ethical knowledge to morally acceptable behavior. In spite of this, Unitarians disapproved the extreme emotionalism exhibited at revival sessions. It was looked upon, as a temporary burst of religious sentiment that would eventually fritter away. Since they conjured up revelation as a peripheral act of kindness granted by God to reassure the mind of spiritual advancement, they had misgivings that internal disclosure, which was devoid of cognizant endeavor represented a spiritual makeover in the true sense. It is notable that Evangelical Protestants continued enlisting recruits throu gh revival ventures, a move that substantially diversified Boston and raised the number of denominations in the contest for the loyalty of the populace. This happened on the backdrop of a push towards the secular lifestyle that was exerted on the populace by urbanization and industrialization. Unitarians were forced to take up new evangelical techniques, in a bid to maintain relevance and pass on their beliefs on temperance and order to the society. The most common methods used included initiating and playing a part in missionary and philanthropic societies. By doing this, they hoped to spread the Unitarian message and unite persons together in an increasingly disjointed societal climate. Unitarians appealed more to the sensitivity in their sermons a tendency replicated in the concepts advanced at their Pastoral institutions. Many Unitarian clerics, including Joseph S. Buckminster and Edward Everett established a model for preachers who could afford literacy in the place of doctrina ire; could employ poetical excerpts, as opposed, to eschatology; could glorify stylist tendencies and scorn controversy simultaneously. All these modifications failed to match the emotionalism of the bucolic Evangelical Protestants.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on History of American Transcendentalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unitarianism was perceived as a religion for upright, reputable and affluent Boston citizens, not for the jagged jostle and common men rough country. The tolerance Unitarians demonstrated in their embrace of Enlightenment philosophy was evened out; by an unyielding conservatism they kept hold of with regards to matters of social conduct and status. Their differences played out during the 19th century, after Unitarians had assumed control of Harvard after the election. In this edition of polling, the Rev. Henry Ware Sr. and the Rev. John Thorton were appointed to leadership slots, al beit 5 years apart. This instigated insubordination against Unitarianism by the mainstream Transcendentalists who schooled there at the period. It is inaccurate to note that transcendentalism brought about a rejection of Unitarianism since it changed as a natural outcome of the parent religion. By creating allowances for the extensive application of intelligence and free ethics, and encouraging individuals in the quest for celestial connotation, Unitarians had inadvertently propagated the seeds of the Transcendentalist revolution (Tarrant 40). The Unitarians came across as modernized and made efforts to patch up the empiricism of Locke with Christianity. This was enabled by the argument that the Biblical stories of miracles adduce awe-inspiring evidence for the legitimacy of religion. It is notable that Transcendentalists and adherents of Unitarianism differed on this same premise. This is because they held on to their aspersions, which, were brought about by the absence of experien tial evidence of religion while depicting appreciation for the notion of mankind assuming a status similar to that of God. All through his initial years in Harvard, he authored several epistles in which he sought to establish the effect these concepts will have on his aunt, who was a staunch religionist. He raises several fundamental issues in these missives, most notably the absence of first-hand experience of a Creator. He translates this to imply the complete absence. Transcendentalists felt a deficiency in Unitarianism, since the soberness, leniency and serene rationalism did not gratify that intense spiritual experience which Transcendentalists longed to have. A post of professor was created at Harvard, a move which led to the rejection of Unitarian doctrines and in totality by a segment of the student body. He was to oversee areas of Natural Religious Conviction, Moral Viewpoint and Communal Polity.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More His duties entailed demonstrating the existence of a Deity, to provide evidence and demonstrate his indispensable attributes, both natural and moral; to substantiate and give explanations on his destiny and regime, together with the dogma of a future status of rewards and reprimand; also to construe and implement the responsibility which man has under his Maker. All these responsibilities were coupled with imperative duties of societal life, which came about; as a result of numerous relations, which men reciprocally bear to each other. This call entails combining with clarification, depicting the concurrence that occurs between the canon of revelation and the orders of the rationale in these important points. Most importantly, he was to affirm the importance and widespread application of heavenly revelation, irrespective of the existent coincidence. Cynicism in relation to creed was further provoked by the release of a publication by F. Schleiermacher, which was an essay that establ ished the notion that the Bible arose from human history and culture. A translation, to the esteemed publication, was made in 1833, approximately 50 years after an initial release in Germany. Most writers distorted the outline between religious texts and human made poetry, a move that instigated doubt on the clout of the Bible, by proposing that texts bearing similar influence could still be written. All this took place because some authors had proposed the creation of poetry espousing philosophies of insight, as opposed to those of tradition and religious beliefs derived from revelations to mankind as opposed to a history. These concepts of an individual revelation and intuition were later to oppose both Unitarian empiricism and Human skepticism. For transcendentalists, German philosophy constituted an integral segment of their lifestyle. Most of the readings used as from 1805 were proposed by Frederic Henry Hedge, a German Philosopher. He was born to a professor who was plying his trade at Harvard. Hedge learnt in his home nation, before taking up a place at Harvard during the later stages. He went to pursue spirituality and other related studies. As an ordained Unitarian minister, he authored extensive reviews of several works, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s Christian Examiner. He notes Coleridge’s fondness for German Metaphysics and his immense gifts of intellect, expression and laments Coleridge’s failure to avail Kant and the post-Kantians to an English-speaking audience. He; therefore, takes it upon himself to introduce the Transcendental Philosophy of Kant (Smither 428). Prominence is given to the explanations on Kant’s suggestion of a Copernican Revolution in philosophy (MacKinnon 346). He notes that the supposition that personal intuitions are dependent on the nature of the external world does not issue academic response to matters, rather the temperament of personal intuitions. In order to make sense of the entire cr itical philosophy, acquaintance with concepts on the priori knowledge is mandatory (MacKinnon 352). Hedge oversaw the formation of a society which brought Transcendentalists together, with the intention of thrashing out matters pertinent to Unitarian clergymen who were not satisfied. They conducted 30 meetings during the first four years, before offering sponsorships to The Dial and Brook Farm. Hedge came across as a vocal adversary of slavery in the 1830’s and was recognized as a defender of women’s privileges during the 1850’s, but he continued to serve as a Unitarian minister, before assuming professorial duties at the school of Divinity in Harvard. Further insight into German philosophy was offered to the transcendentalists’ by Miss Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker. It commenced in 1766 and lasted in1817. Emerson observes that her perspectives and analyses on Germany constituted her best columns. She recognizes the dedication towards attaining emancipation as displayed by Locke. This comes in spite of the perception she has of him as the main contributor to an exaggeration of melodramatics. She also views him as an epistemologist who is directly responsible for the unrest displayed by Hume. Most importantly, she identifies several differences depicted by German custom, which verify the influence wielded by the human mind (Ryder 104). The influence of James Marsh was essential to the process of sustaining opinions held by adherents of Transcendentalism. This came about due to his standing as the president of as academic entity in Vermont. He was influenced to buy into Coleridge’s beliefs; which made use of German philosophy to establish justifications for modernized theology. This comes out clearly in several publications he authors, mentioning the input of Coleridge towards Kantian terminology. These sentiments are also reflected in the writings of Emerson, where it is stated that imagination is a term used with reference to w orldly occurrences as defined by logic. German philosophy and literature was equally advocated for by Thomas Carlyle. He met Emerson his maiden visit to Europe in 18th century (Young 113). Carlyle’s philosophy of action as depicted in his principal works resonates with Emerson’s concepts in The American Scholar, that human actions, nature and a mentality of the times of yore, is fundamental to human education. In conjunction with his fellow statesmen namely Wordsworth and Coleridge, Carlyle took up Natural Supernaturalism, which refers to the view that nature, including humankind, bears the supremacy, standing, and influence conventionally attributed to an independent deity. Piety towards temperament also ranked among William Wordsworth’s main themes. The sagacity that men and women constituted gods in ruins, gives credence to one of transcendentalism’s defining events, which is the delivery of a speech at the ‘Harvard Divinity School’ during a graduation in 1838 by Emerson. He described the fashionable house of worship that the alumnae were almost assuming guidance of, as an eastern realm of Christianity that had turned out to be a source of harm to man. Emerson is remembered for his reference to Jesus an ally of humanity, who doubled up as a notable spiritualist. This stemmed from the fact that His doctrines were not self glorifying, but gave prominence to the well being of humankind. Emerson discards the Unitarian argument that miracles prove the legitimacy of Christianity, not just because the evidence is weak but because they visualize attestation of the sort translates to a mistaken view of the nature of religion. According to transcendentalists, conversion by miracles amounts to a heterodoxy of the soul (Tarrant 18). They believe that evidence for religion should be more direct than testimony in an acuity that produces a devout reaction (Tarrant 28). As foreseen, his vocalizations drew a speedy and livid rejoinde r, issued by Andrews Norton, an attachà © of Divinity School in Harvard, who was habitually referred to as the known as the Unitarian Pope. In one of his subsequent publications, Norton laments of an agitated desire for unsavory reputation and enthusiasm, which he blames on German materialists and Carlyle, who is referred to as an excessively Germanized native of England. He immediately termed the speech by Emerson he concludes, as an affront to religious conviction and a disjointed enthusiasm. Amos Bronson Alcott was a transcendentalist educator who created a series of schools that worked towards bringing about the best of children’s instinctive knowledge (Wayne 8). He was embroiled in a scandal with the transcendentalists, which emanated from an 18th century publication he authored. He subscribed to ideologies which propagated priori knowledge that was relayed by Kant and Plato. This prompted Alcott to introduce self made furniture that was more comfortable in place of the previously used hard benches found in many common schools. After this, he created an allowance centrally in the classrooms for dancing. The publication was anchored on a school Alcott ran with the help of an assistant in Boston. They proposed that proof for the legitimacy of Christianity was apparent in the unconstrained flow of children’s thought. The most notable contents of this book were the forthright discussions of conception, circumcision, and the birth of children. In the course of a lecture he held during his lifetime that was titled â€Å"The Transcendentalist,† Emerson commenced with an idealistic perception, where presently existing concepts are referred to as new. He contends that a majority of those ideas constitute traditional idealism, although on a large scale. New views can be said to constitute larger customs of traditional idealism making it anti-skeptical as proposed by Kant (Grusin 120). Summarily, it is notable that the 19th Century American tra nscendentalism should not be viewed as a religious conviction; rather, it constitutes a sensible viewpoint, mental shape, and mysticism (Gura). In addition, it fails to stick to the three concepts widespread in key religions. These include faith in God, a conviction in the afterlife, also called dualism and a belief that the present life has a bearing on the next. This was explained as bliss to reward the blameless and torment waiting for transgressors. While transcendentalism fails to dispute the existence of an afterlife, it gives prominence to the present life. The Transcendentalist movement gained recognition between 1820 and 1830; although, the heredity of their religious values can be traced to ancient American religious history. It is noteworthy, that transcendentalism and evangelical Protestantism evolved separately from American Puritanism, since they adopted the 17th and 18th century Calvinism as a universal ancestry. Works Cited Carpenter Lant. An examination of the charg es made against Unitarians and  Unitarianism: and the improved version, by the Right Rev. Dr. Magee, Bishop of Raphoe, in his Discourses and dissertations on atonement and sacrifice : with some strictures on the statements of the Bishop of St. David’s, Dr. Hales, Dean. London: J. T. Manchee, 2006. Print. Emerson, Ralph Henry, Thoreau. Transcendentalism: essential essays of Emerson   Thoreau: including Self-reliance Civil disobedience. Delaware, DE: Prestwick House Inc, 2008. Print. Grusin, Richard. Transcendentalist hermeneutics: institutional authority and the higher  criticism of the Bible. North Carolina, NC: Duke University Press. 1991. Print. Gura, Phillip. American Transcendentalism: A History. Foreign Affairs. March 2008. Web. MacKinnon, Barbara. American Philosophy: A historical Anthology. New York, NY: SUNY Press, 1985. Print. Ryder, John. Interpreting America: Russian and Soviet studies of the history of  American thought. Tennessee, TN: Vanderbilt Univers ity Press. 1999. Print. Sacvan, Bercovitch Cyrus, Patell. The Cambridge History of American Literature:  Nineteenth-century poetry, 1800-1910. London: Cambridge University Press. 2004. Print. Schneider, Herbert. History of American Philosophy. New Delhi, ND: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 1969. Print. Smither, Howard. A History of the Oratorio: The oratorio in the nineteenth and twentieth  centuries. North Carolina, NC: UNC Press Books, 2000. Print. Tarrant, William. Unitarianism. New York, NY: BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009. Print. Wayne, Tiffany. Encyclopedia of Transcendentalism. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing, 2006. Print. Young, David. F. D. Maurice and Unitarianism. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1992. Print. This essay on History of American Transcendentalism was written and submitted by user Nixon Willis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

term paper on chaos essays

term paper on chaos essays Where chaos begins, classical science ends. Ever since physicists inquired into the laws of nature, they began to explore the irregular side of nature, the erratic and discontinuous side, which has always puzzled scientists. They did not attempt to understand disorder in the atmosphere, the turbulent sea, the oscillations of the heart and brain, or the fluctuations of wildlife populations. All of these things were taken for granted until in the 1970's. Then American and European scientists began to investigate the randomness of nature. They were physicists, biologists, chemists and mathematicians but they were all seeking one thing: connections between different kinds of irregularity. Physiologists found a surprising order in the chaos that develops in the human heart, the prime cause of a sudden, unexplained death. Ecologists explored the rise and fall of gypsy moth populations. Economists dug out old stock price data and tried a new kind of analysis. The insights that emerged led directly into the natural world- the shapes of clouds, the paths of lightning, the microscopic intertwining of blood vessels, the galactic clustering of stars. (Gleick 32) The man most responsible for coming up with the Chaos Theory was Mitchell Feigenbaum, who was one of a handful of scientists at Los Alamos, New Mexico. Feigenbaum was a little known scientist from New York, with only one published work to his name. He was working on quasi periodicity, in which he and only he had twenty-six hour days instead of the usual twenty-four. He gave that up because he could not bear to wake up to the setting sun, which happened periodically. He spent most of his time watching clouds from the hiking trails above the laboratory. To him, Chaos represented a side of nature that mainstream physics had passed by, a side that was fuzzy, detailed, structured, but yet unpredictable. He thought about these things quietly, withou...

Funny Story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Funny Story - Essay Example Luckily, my girlfriend was there to get me out otherwise I probably would have drank the entire fountain. Then we had to walk all the way back to the hotel; I was freezing, cold, and miserable. Needless to say those photos showed up on facebook. The second time I fell into a fountain I was with my family. We were at Universal Studios with my grandparents and we entered one of those little kid areas. My younger brother and I brought a football so we could throw when we got bored. My parents were getting a picture of my grandparents next to a fountain. My brother threw me a long pass and as I ran to catch it, I knocked my grandma into the fountain with me. Luckily no one got hurt, but my grandmother and I were so soaked that we had to go to the souvenir store and buy all new clothing to replace the wet ones. I have learned that when it comes to fountains and vacations that I have this power that always makes sure that I land in one. Even though they were embarrassing at the moment, the y remind me of good past memories and create jokes about what will happen in the future. If I am ever near a fountain again, I will have to be sure to wear a wetsuit and pack an extra set of clothes. I hope that as the admissions committee that you received a good laugh and remember to always pack a towel around fountains.

Formal systematic learning is of less important than informl learning Term Paper

Formal systematic learning is of less important than informl learning. Discuss this statement with reference to theories of learning - Term Paper Example In relation to standard typology, there is a need to gain more understanding of intended learning not separately, but in connection to others. The role played by informal learning and tacit knowledge in organizations is widely acknowledged but insufficiently understood. It is one of the core premises of adult learning that adults resort to life experience to beneficial outcome in learning or training programs (Smith & Defrates-densch 2008). There is sparse previous empirical evidence regarding how this occurs, and none of which puts emphasis on tacit knowledge use and its role in the learning mechanisms and outcomes in shifting between contexts over time (Smith & Defrates-densch 2008). The need for broader recognition of skills and knowledge through informal learning is only one aspect of a debate focused on the characteristic of the purported knowledge-based economy and the ways whereby the knowledge involved is organized and applied (Moon 2004). The current debate has been intensified by economists and labor market scholars, generating new potentials for interdisciplinary engagement with learning scholars and social/educ ational specialists in attempting to understand more what it is that really makes up the knowledge-based economy and the position of informal learning in this context (Rainbird & Munro 2004). Informal learning includes accidental learning in the workplace and in areas of endeavors outside the formal economy. It may also involve intended and explicit frameworks of learning performed in any of these contexts which are not acknowledged within the system of formal education and training (Bratton, Mills, & Pyrch 2003). Informal learning has well-built tacit domains. The explicit is easily collected, organized, and communicated to others whereas the tacit is personal, subjective and experiential, and considerably harder to communicate (Evans, Hodkinson, & Unwin 2002). This paper argues

Playing monopoly Essay Example for Free

Playing monopoly Essay Pretend to embrace a technology and become the major source for that technology like buy out the competitors. Declare it obsolete because your original way is better. Wait long enough for a technique or idea to be forgotten by the majority of people or just long enough that the majority of your followers are naive newbies. Bring out the old idea and present it as a new invention. For example, many things in Visual Studio . Net are presented as new ideas even though they have existed in RAD tools like Delphi for over a decade. Why this works? because the majority of new software geeks have no idea what Delphi is and didnt know that you could do everything exactly the way Microsoft claims you can in their â€Å"new† invention. It is very much clear about incidences that Microsoft has been unethical in its approaches. Rather that applying their own thoughts, most of the products they have released by copying ideas unethically from other competitor’s products. Rather than having the fair competition in the market Gates always tried to monopolize the market. Though all the monopoly has brought him profit but ethically Microsoft didn’t 2. Some of the characteristics of the market that created monopoly market that Microsoft’s operating system enjoyed are as follows: Incorporation of various Microsoft applications like Windows Digital Media Player and Internet Explorer in 1995 with its operating system gave an advantage to the company as this monopoly worked out for them. Users using Windows didn’t want themselves to get into trouble of purchasing a different browser and different Media Payer. Users were also not ready to pay extra money for buying other companies’ applications, as all those applications were readily available with Microsoft’s operating system. Every company was releasing their applications and operating systems in the market and every time Microsoft was able to know their programs. Using those programs Microsoft created monopoly in the market by releasing advanced version of competitors’ products. As when Navigator came in 1994, Microsoft launched Internet Explorer which was borrowed from Spyglass Inc. and made it similar to Navigator. It incorporated Internet Explorer with Windows. Media player was also incorporated in Windows. Sun Microsystems’s Java was also licensed to Microsoft first and then Microsoft built its own Microsoft java permitting Windows Users to be compatible with it. In the software industry users did not want to shift to new products or applications until proper training and workshops are organized. Microsoft’s used good PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 – 9zi strategies for training users. With the Installation disk, a proper tour of Windows is provided to facilitate user. Attorney General Janet Reno filed an antitrust suit against Microsoft in the court of Judge Thomas Jackson. Microsoft made the computer companies using Windows as their operating system not to license, distribute or promote competitive software products of other companies. It embedded Internet Explorer with Windows and thus demolished consumer freedom to go for any other Browser plus it also degraded windows performance. In the agreements with computer companies those using Windows, Microsoft wanted them to leave Internet Explorer as the default Web–Browser and didn’t allow installation of any other browser. The judge was having complete authority to take hard actions against Microsoft’s unethical business strategies. As per the case study it is evident that Microsoft has used various unethical business strategies to make their business profitable. Microsoft copied the copyright of Apple’s OS/2 and developed its own operating system on the same line. Moreover they forced users to use its Internet Explorer and digital media player. They suppressed the platform independent functionality of Sun’s Java by releasing Microsoft’s Java and making it cross platform language. In my view, government should not have sued Microsoft. Consumers were well satisfied by Windows which was evident from the market share of its use. So signing of agreement involves approval of computer companies and Microsoft and if computer companies have signed that agreement that means they weren’t having any problems and neither consumers upon implementing the agreement. So Microsoft just used a marketing strategy over here. Judge Jackson’s order was fair for the competitors as well as for the software industry because Microsoft has really invoked the monopoly situation in the market. It was essential to have fair competition in the market. As an operating system and applications are totally two different aspects and Microsoft should not club these two aspects. This order would have helped competitors and users to choose their favorite applications. From Microsoft’s point of view it was not the fair decision, as they never wish to separate their business into two domains. It was a marketing strategy adopted by Microsoft so that it can withstand with the PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 – 9zi competition. According to them it also facilitated consumers for not spending their money in buying other corresponding software and also playing a risk of installing and uninstalling. According to the settlement between Microsoft and DOJ, Microsoft was asked to share its application programming interface with other software rivals and to allow users to hide Internet Explorer icon from the screen. It was asked not to prevent other competitors programs to install on its operating system and not to retaliate against computer makers in releasing their products. This settlement was officially approved by Judge Kollar-Kotelly on November 1, 2003. The decision was really fair for the competitors as well as users. The decision has created free competitive market in the software industry. It allows users to use other available applications and allow them to hide icons which they do not want to use. From competitors point of view market became much more open to release more products with advanced technologies. This move also helped people to think out of Microsoft’s box and helped to showcase their technical skills. As a result various new operating systems with better performance than Windows like Linux, Suse, Monopoly of Microsoft’s operating system has harmed everyone from users to computer producers. Due to unavailability of fair market the users were bound to use Microsoft’s operating system and applications. They were unable to hide icons of the Microsoft’s applications from their operating system. From producer’s point of view, they were not free to launch Windows compatible applications due to unavailability of Windows application programming interface in the market. The competition became minimal in the market due to monopoly enjoyed by Microsoft. Due to monopoly in the market one single company Microsoft was holding maximum market share. It hampered the technical advancement and innovation in the market as well. Some of the following public policies could be used to deal with monopoly †¢Government should issue some standards for a given technology/system/product which should be followed by everyone in the industry. †¢Anti-monopoly law can be created to prevent monopoly to occur in the market. †¢Some policies can be incorporated in the system to motivate and encourage newly launched companies to increase the innovation in the market. PLAYING MONOPOLY: MICROSOFT Javier Ian Gonzalez Lopez 1449556 – 9zi †¢Some policies should be made to share information among the companies whose applications are inter dependant.

Pictorial Narratives: Hogarth’s Marriage àla Mode Essay -- Essays Pa

Pictorial Narratives: Hogarth’s Marriage à   la Mode One of Hogarth’s bitterest satires, Marriage à   la Mode, showed the disastrous results of a marriage of convenience concluded between the son of a poverty-stricken nobleman and the daughter of an aspiring merchant (Jarrett 88). Yet this background information is not necessary to appreciate each painting independently. From the first painting, in which the ambitious fathers of the couple exchange money and titles, to the final two prints that show the husband and wife’s melodramatic deaths, each of the six prints tells both a episode in the story of this doomed arranged marriage and a story in and of itself. The first two Marriage à   la Mode prints, The Marriage Settlement and Shortly After the Marriage, both contain numerous works of art, architecture, period dress and other carefully placed props that allow each work to tell a story without being dependent on the context of the series. Because of its immense detail, The Marriage Contract is perhaps one of the easiest prints to appreciate. Even without any prior knowledge of this work, an inexperienced art critic can still ascertain that the scene takes place in an aristocratic home. Copies of paintings after the old masters hang in gilt frames, the ceiling is painted and the walls hung with green damask. Two men sit at a table in some sort of business transaction, as evidenced by the presence of three lawyers, numerous documents and money. The gentleman on the right’s portrait hangs on the wall above the table, indicating that the deal is being brokered in his home. He is correspondingly dressed in fine clothes, whereas the other gentleman is more modestly attired. The skill with which Hogarth has represented the swelling aristocratic pride of the Earl and the lower-bred, commercial demeanor of the Sheriff was regarded by eighteenth-century critics, best acquainted with the social manners of their age, as masterly (Webster 103). A document that reads â€Å"Marriage Settlement of the Rt. Honble Lord Viscount Squanderfield† rests in the hand of the non-artistocratic gentleman, his careful perusal of the document indicating that he is the bride’s father. In turn, he has handed over a sum of money to the Viscount’s father (who the inexperienced viewer can assume holds the title earl). In turn, the Earl points to his contribution to the marriag... ...m each other. The Roman bust with a broken nose on the mantle and the painting above it, featuring Cupid playing a song on the bagpipes ironically titled â€Å"O Happy Groves† amidst falling ruins, suggest the similarly ruined and collapsing state of the couple’s marriage. Hogarth's remarkably exuberant satire of marriage for money, his pungent details of upper-class life, and his mastery of complex scenes find perhaps their highest expression in this series, generally considered his finest work. (Encarta). Although critics have commented that the series progresses somewhat abruptly, with little idea of what occurs in between the six scenes, rarely is any one painting referred to independent of the others. But because of the complexity of each scene, the paintings, The Marriage Contract and The Tà ©te-à  -Tà ©te in particular, can easily stand by themselves as brilliant satires of arranged marriage in the 18th century. Such is the genius of Hogarth. Works Cited Hallett, Mark. Hogarth. London: Phaidon Press, 2000. Jarrett, Derek. England in the Age of Hogarth. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbon Ltd, 1974. Webster, Mary. Hogarth. Danbury, CT: MasterWorks Press, 1984.

Decision Making Essay

Managers run organizations by the decisions they make on a daily basis. The quality of these decisions, to a smaller or greater degree, impacts the success or failure of an organization. Managers encounter challenges and opportunities every day. Some situations require actions that are very straightforward; others, not so simple. Some decisions need to be made right away, while others take a long period of time to be made. Decision making can be challenging, and it’s important we understand why. In this paper, we will cover the main characteristics of managerial decisions, the stages of decision making, and the tools a manager has to achieve efficient decision making in a challenging and uncertain work environment. Characteristics of Managerial Decisions Structure: For most routine decisions, there is a determined procedure, or structure, that helps managers solve a problem. If it’s a routine problem, then they have standard responses. In these situations, managers only have to implement previously stated solutions, from past experiences in the organization. Unfortunately, not all decisions are programmed. New problems arise all the time in an organization, and that’s when managers have to get creative to solve them. Past experience helps, so does intuition, but the decision maker, in this case, has to create, or rely on a method for making the decision. In this case, there’s no standard response. Uncertainty and Risk: As Schermerhorn, Hunt, & Osborn (1994) point out, problem solving decisions in organizations are typically made under three different conditions or environments: certainty, risk, and uncertainty. When information is sufficient, and outcomes of decisions are predictable, you are working in an environment of certainty. However, for most important decisions, uncertainty is to be expected. Uncertainty exists when a manager doesn’t have enough information to assign probabilities to the consequences of different possible decisions. A manager might have a good guess, or opinion, but doesn’t know for sure if something will or won’t happen. Whenever there’s uncertainty, and something to lose, then there’s risk. Risk isn’t a bad thing; it’s just the fact that comes with any managerial decision. Choosing one alternative over another can imply losing time, or money, so every decision entails risk. Managers have to be aware that with their decisions they manage risk. With good planning and problem resolution, risk can be minimized and controlled. Contending Interests: J. Davids (2012) talks about decisions that affect people with contending interests. An example of this is a CFO who argues in favor of increasing long-term debt to finance a purchase. On the other hand, the CEO wants to minimize long-term debt and find the funds somewhere else. In another example, a marketing department wants more product lines to sell, the engineers want higher quality of products, and the production manager wants less variety of products to lower costs. In these situations, it’s up to the decision maker to fashion a workable decision that reflects an appreciation of all these antagonizing point of views. If a key player’s perspective isn’t taken into consideration, and the manager pushes forward in the decision process, the outcomes will probably not satisfy the decision makers’ plans. There are different approaches to managing participation of multiple players that we’ll touch on a bit later. Stages of Decision Making Situation: The first step in the decision making process is knowing the situation. This means, recognizing a problematic situation that exists, and must be fixed. This usually implies comparing things the way they are now, to what they should be. An example of this is comparing the actual expenses to the budgeted expenses. Another example is looking at this quarter’s sales, and comparing them to the previous quarter. The problem that needs to be solved is usually an opportunity that managers seek to take advantage of. Bowen, Lewicki, Hall, Hall (1997) present an interesting approach of looking at a problem. It’s a technique referred to as â€Å"framing† or â€Å"reframing†. There are four essential perspectives of organization and management theory that help us define a situation. * Structural.  This perspective deals with the activities, functions assignments, tasks and so forth. It’s basically who does what and who reports to whom. * Human. This point of view looks at issues of how people and organizations relate, how organizations satisfy people’s needs, provide meaningful work, productivity, and relationships in the organization. * Political. This frame of mind looks at the organization as a system with shifting bases of power, and conflicts between different groups fighting for limited resources. * Symbolic. The symbolic frame references the culture of the organization, made up by ceremonies, rites, stories, and so on. When dealing with a problem difficult to resolve, the manager can look at it, and use these different vantage points. This will help see the problem from a new perspective, and define the situation with a different understanding, and meaning of the problem. Options: Bateman and Snell (2011) refer to this stage in the decision making process, as â€Å"generating and evaluating alternative solutions†. What they mean by this is, once the problem is defined, the manager, or decision maker, has to develop different courses of action aimed at solving the problem. Solutions might be found by using similar tactics used in previous problems. Custom made solutions are the other option. These take creativity and probably more resources. This step is key in the decision making process. Many times managers don’t take the time to brainstorm and come up with alternatives. In a hypothetical situation where the decision maker is trying to improve the organization’s bottom line, there are many options. You can increase prices to improve margin, advertise your products’ quality to increase sales, drop prices to increase sales, open new service lines that will give you higher participation in the market, just to name a few. The point is: it’s important for the manager to take his time and consider all the options. Once managers have different options, they have to evaluate them, and come up with the best one. The best way of evaluating the options is measuring the consequences of the different alternatives. Measures such as lower costs, higher market share, bigger bottom line, employee satisfaction, customer satisfaction, just to name a few. Ethical aspects of decision making should also be considered in this step. Richard Ritti and Steve Levy (2010) combine what we previously mentioned about certainty, risk, and uncertainty, with alternative decisions. We can have an alternative solution that implies increasing production of a service line by 15%, but based on the uncertainty of the environment, we have a decrease in the demand by 20%. This, in retrospect would be a bad choice. What I mean by this is, not all results can be predicted with perfect precision. In an uncertain environment, what decision makers have to consider, is creating contingency plans. These are plans that will be implemented if the future develops differently than what expected. Choose: Once you’ve generated different options, and evaluated them, it’s time to choose which one is best. The manager must have an assertive attitude, and not over think the decision. Once the decision maker has all the information he’s going to have, he just has to take the leap and make the decision. Bateman and Snell (2011) bring in a few interesting concepts to this decision making step. These steps are maximizing, satisficing, and optimizing. * Maximizing: Maximize means, to make the most out of something, in this case, the decision. Maximizing requires looking carefully for a complete variety of alternatives, evaluating them, and then choosing the best. Maximizing is the better strategy for important decisions. Managers that are maximizers, plan systematically in solving problems, and their high expectations of quality drives them to achieve great results. * Satisficing: Satisficing is choosing the first satisfactory option, rather than looking for the optimal decision alternative. This concept was originally referred to by Herbert Simon (1947). He stated: â€Å"Most human decision making, whether individual or organizational, is concerned with the discovery and selection of satisfactory alternatives; only in exceptional cases is it concerned with the discovery and selection of optimal decisions. When managers make decisions, many times they are facing limitations, such as time barriers, unavailability of information, and other situations that make finding the optimal option impossible. When the decision isn’t of great importance, satisficing could be the optimal approach. * Optimizing: Managers have to balance their decisions. Since there are contending interests in many of the imp ortant decisions in the organization, managers have to find an alternative that meets multiple criteria, and achieves the organization’s goals. Act:  Once the problem has been recognized, alternatives generated and evaluated, and the choice has been made, someone has to act. Also known as the implementation process, managers have to plan it vigilantly. Sometimes there’s a â€Å"disconnect† between what was planned, and what is implemented. The people involved in the process assume things are just magically going to occur. This isn’t the case, so it’s up to the manager to ensure things are taking shape. Good communication is essential in this implementation process, especially since this is when all the change happens. People aren’t naturally comfortable with change, so the manager has to be clear with the steps that have to take place. The manager must manage the chronological order in which things have to happen and delegate the individuals responsible for each task. He must ensure everyone understands their role, and knows what the final outcome should look like. The buy-in from the different players in the organization, when implementing decisions that cause change, will dictate the outcome of the implementation stage. If needs were ignored when making the decision, or if the paths of communication haven’t been fluid in the process, it will be very hard to implement change effectively. The manager must take these things into consideration if he wants to avoid potential problems that arise in this step of the process. Evaluate: Evaluating the decision is the last step in the decision making process. It’s time for the results to determine whether the manager’s choice is having the effect it was intended to have. For this stage to be successful, there has to be measurable results; they must be quantifiable. For an adequate evaluation of the decision, a validating mechanism collects information and compares it to an expected value. That validating mechanism can be set and developed even before the solution to the problem is determined. If the decision made proves to be effective, and the results show that the goals were met, then this decision could serve another purpose elsewhere in the organization. The positive feedback will be welcomed by the manager, and reinforce the decision making process. If the results demonstrate negative results, then it’ll take some good analysis to see where things have gone wrong. Things might have gone wrong in any of the previous stages. It’ll take brainstorming, and effort to assess what things need to happen to put things on the right track. Participation in Decision Making As Bowen et al. (1997) point out, most changes in organizations not only require technical modifications, but alterations in the work and social satisfactions of the employees. This makes the challenge of implementing change even greater. It’s not only important that the new methods are efficient; they must also be accepted by the employees who will be implementing these changes. In this context, managing the participation of the employees in making a decision plays an important role. There are different approaches when making decisions that involve change. They can be grouped into different variants of authoritative decisions, mutual problem solving, and consultative decisions. In the authoritative decision alternative, the manager makes the decision alone. Then he puts together arguments and rational information to show the employees the advantages of change. In the mutual problem solving approach, the manager shares the problem with his employees, and the group works together to come up with a final decision. The consultative approach is a middle ground; the manager shares the problem with the group, obtains ideas and suggestions, and then makes a decision that may or may not reflect the employee’s contribution. There are advantages and disadvantages in making group decisions. The biggest one is that the acceptance of participants is high, mainly because they’ve had an opportunity to give their opinion. They feel like they’ve had a say in the new process, so they’ll naturally support it. It’s also a huge advantage in the implementation stage, because the employees understand what management is trying to achieve. Many times the subordinates bring knowledge and experience that even the manager might not have. It’s the employees who work in the details, and they might have good input in solving problems. One of the disadvantages of group decision making is the time it takes. A lot of time can be wasted meeting in groups to come up with good ideas. Another negative aspect is that groups tend to make riskier decisions because the responsibility doesn’t fall on just one person. In the same sense, group embers might not put that much effort into thinking of all the ramifications of their decisions, because they think someone else is probably thinking of that already. The main takeaway from participation in decision making is that it really depends on the situation, and the problem being solved. The challenge for the manager is to know when he should employ each of the decision making approaches according to the situation. A smart manager will know how to use these managing tools to make decisions that are not only efficient, but will also have the support and buy-in from the employees. Conclusion A good manager will assess each situation and find opportunities where change can be made; always looking for the organization’s best interest. When making important decisions, the manager will see the type of environment he’s in, if there’s certainty or not, and always account for the contending interests his decisions will undoubtedly face. A wise decision maker will recognize a situation that requires an intervention on his behalf. He will generate and evaluate different options, and apply the concepts of maximizing, satisficing, and optimizing to make the best decision. Not only does the manager choose; he acts. He takes responsibility and accountability for his choices, and makes sure there’s follow through in the implementation stage of the process. The decision maker will then evaluate the results, to validate that his decisions are having the results that were intended. If not, he’ll go back to the drawing board. Organizations live and die by the decisions made by managers, and to the extent that they can define problems, and make smart choices. Good decision making is found at the heart of all successful businesses.